600 Feet deep crater

When Asteroids come too near Earth, they usually burn up in Earth's atmosphere. Sometimes a fragment does reach the ground, leaving a large crater like this one near Winslow, Arizona. It is 600 feet deep and nearly a mile across.

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Awesome Feats of Migrators

The arctic tern migrates 22,000 miles every year

How does this warbler with a brain the size of a pea know so much about weather and navigation?








When migrating, this hummingbird beats its wings up to 75 times a second for 25 hours.

Underwater breathing - Who did it first?

People strap tanks of air to their backs and remain under water for up to an hour. Certain water beetles do it more simply and stay under longer. They grab a bubble of air and submerge. The bubble serves as a lung. It takes carbon dioxide from the beetle and diffuses it into the water, and takes oxygen dissolved in the water for the beetle to use.

The majestic giant and of the tiny seed that packages it

One of the smallest seeds has package within it the biggest living thing on earth - the giant sequoia tree. It grows over 300 feet high. Four feet above the ground its diameter may be 36 feet. One tree may contain enough wood to build 50 six-room houses. The two-foot-thick bark is flavored with tannin that repels insects, and its spongy, fibrous texture makes it almost as fireproof as asbestos. Its roots cover three or four acres. It lives over 3,000 years. Yet the seeds that a sequoia tree rains down by the millions are not much bigger than a pinhead surrounded by tiny wings. A puny man standing at a sequoia's base can only gaze upward in silent awe at its massive grandeur.

Incubators - Who did it first?

Man makes incubators to hatch eggs, but in this he is a latecomer. Sea turtles and some birds lay their eggs in the warm sand for incubation. Other birds will lay their eggs in the warm ashes of volcanoes for hatching. Sometimes alligators will cover their eggs with decaying vegetables matter to produce heat. But in this the male mallee bird is the expert. He digs a big hole, fill it with vegetable matter and cover it with sand. The fermenting vegetation heats the mound, the female mallee bird lays an egg in it weekly for up to six months, and all that time the male checks the temperature by sticking his beak into the mound. By adding or removing sand, even in weather from below freezing to very hot, he keeps his incubator at 92 degrees Fahrenheit.

Emperor Penguins carry built-in nests

The male penguin puts the egg on his feet, which are richly supplied with blood vessels, and drapes over it a brood pouch that hangs down from his abdomen. Mother does not forget father and baby. Soon after the egg hatches, the mother returns with a stomach full of food that she regurgitates for them. Then the male goes off to fish while mother puts baby on her feet and drapes her brood pouch over it.